Life & Society
Since the end of the 20th century, private tutoring has transitioned from a supplemental aid to a primary engine of academic achievement for many families in Egypt. Although public education in Egypt is officially free, the experiences of many students and parents tell a different story: educational progress, especially in high-stakes years, like Thanaweya Amma, secondary education certificate or SAT’s, depends on paid classes outside the school’s classroom. One challenge is the quality of teaching in many public schools’…
